zakat eid al fitr, also called Sadaqat al-Fitr, is an eternal zakat and a cleansing of the fasting person from any defect in his fasting. That is, purifying the fasting person from idle talk and obscenity, and it was said that.
It was called Zakat al-Fitr in relation to fitrah, and here fitrah means character, and it is related to bodies, and it was said that it was called Zakat al-Fitr because it is obligatory to break the fast of Ramadan. Soin the following lines we will discuss everything related to zakat eid al fitr.
Definition of Zakat al-Fitr
zakat eid al fitr; It is the zakat that is due to breaking the fast of the blessed month of Ramadan. It is called the zakat of heads, necks, and bodies, and it is also called zakat al-fitr. The word charity is applied to the zakat obligatory on a Muslim, as it was called that in several texts of the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and it is called zakat al-fitrah.
That is, creation is from nature. That is, as if it were zakat for the soul, purification, and purification. Zakat al-Fitr was imposed in the second year of the Hijra, in the same year in which Ramadan fasting was imposed. The scholars have mentioned two reasons for calling it zakat eid al fitr.
The first aspect: What is meant by breaking the fast is what is equivalent to fasting. That is, breaking the fast, and the second aspect: breaking the fast. That is, creation, from creation, and thus it was considered part of the zakat of the body.
Ruling on zakat al-Fitr
Most of the Maliki jurists believed that zakat eid al fitr is obligatory, meaning that the investigators of the Maliki school of thought favored and adopted the opinion of the majority of Maliki jurists that it is obligatory. The Maliki doctrine became that Zakat al-Fitr is obligatory, and some Malikis held that zakat eid al fitr is Sunnah, which is a more likely opinion.
And the evidence of those who said it is obligatory: On the authority of Amr bin Shuaib, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, that the Prophet – may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him
(He sent a herald calling out in the streets of Mecca: Zakat al-Fitr is obligatory on every Muslim; on every male and female, free and slave, young and old, of wheat, or a saa’ of wheat. other than food).
The evidence for the obligation of zakat eid al fitr according to most of the Malikis is on the authority of Ibn Omar – may Allah be pleased with them both – who said: (The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – imposed Zakat al-Fitr as a saa’ of dates, or a saa’ of barley on the slave and the free, the male and the female, and the young and old among the Muslims.
He ordered it to be performed before the people went out to pray), and the evidence of some of the Malikis who said that it is Sunnah, interpreted the word fard to mean discretion; The meaning is the amount of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – Zakat al-Fitr
Conditions for who is required to pay Zakat al-Fitr
To be free, it is not obligatory for a slave, and to be a Muslim; It is not obligatory for the infidel, and he must be able to pay it at the time when it is obligatory, even by borrowing it from someone if he is guaranteed to pay off his debt.
zakat eid al fitr is obligatory for every Muslim and every person who supports him and he is obligated to spend on it, and it is obligatory for him to provide for his relatives, such as poor parents and poor adult children.
As well as his immature children and unmarried daughters, whether they are adults or not; zakat eid al fitr is paid from a male relative, and maintenance is obligatory if married. The husband must pay zakat eid al fitr on behalf of his wife, and he must pay zakat eid al fitr on behalf of his father’s wife.
The amount of Zakat al-Fitr
The amount of zakat eid al fitr is a saa, which is four mudds, and a mudd is a handful that fills an average hand. That saa is in excess of his sustenance and the sustenance of his family on the day of Eid al-Fitr.
And it is his possession at the time of obligation, and the saa is from most of the sustenance of the people of the country, and it comes out of these nine categories; Wheat, barley, salt, corn, millet, rice, dates, oil, and aqat, which is dried milk that produces butter.
Types of food for Zakat al-Fitr
The opinions of scholars have varied regarding the types of foods that a Muslim should pay for zakat eid al fitr, and they have come to three opinions regarding this matter, which are explained as follows:
- The first opinion: The Hanafi school of thought said that zakat eid al fitr should only be paid on four types of foods: raisins, wheat, barley, and dates.
- The second opinion: The Shafi’is and Malikis said that zakat eid al fitr is obligatory from the majority of the people’s food, and the Malikis defined it as nine types from which it is not permissible to pay zakat from others, which are: wheat, barley, and a type of it called “salt,” and a type of plant called “millet.” Dates, raisins, and dry milk.
- The third opinion: The Hanbalis said that zakat eid al fitr is obligatory, as stated in the Prophetic hadiths. It consists of wheat, barley, dates, raisins, and dry milk, and if one of them is not available, then zakat eid al fitr is paid from grains and fruits that are used as sustenance and main food for the people of the country.
Time for Zakat al-Fitr
zakat eid al fitr is due at sunset on the last day of Ramadan, and at the beginning of the night of the first day of Shawwal, or it is obligatory at dawn on the first day of Shawwal. It is recommended to pay it after the dawn prayer and before the Eid al-Fitr prayer, and it is permissible to pay zakat eid al fitr two days before the Eid.
Zakat al-Fitr disbursements
zakat eid al fitr is paid to a free, poor, or needy Muslim who is not a Hashemite. It is not permissible to pay it to a slave, it is not permissible to pay it to an infidel, it is not permissible to pay it to a rich Muslim, and it is not permissible to pay it to a Hashemite, that is, the family of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
How to pay Zakat al-Fitr
There are several opinions on how to pay zakat eid al fitr. Scholars have several opinions, and their explanation follows:
- The first opinion: The majority of scholars are of the opinion that it is not permissible to pay zakat eid al fitr by paying its value in cash. Because there is no text indicating the validity of this, and because.
The value of a thing in people’s rights is only in the event of mutual agreement between the two parties, and this matter cannot be applied to zakat eid al fitr; Because there is no specific owner.
- The second opinion: The Hanafis said that it is permissible to pay the value in paying zakat eid al fitr. As a matter of convenience and convenience for the poor, the poor person uses it to fulfill what he needs.
That may be hidden from the knowledge of the person paying zakat. However, in times of hardship and lack of grain, it is better to pay the item out of consideration for the interest of the poor person.
conclusion
At the end of the text, zakat eid al fitr is obligatory for every adult, sane, obligated Muslim, and scholars have excluded some people from this ruling. As for the amount that must be paid for zakat eid al fitr, scholars have differed about that, as we have mentioned the areas of disagreement in detail.
